200 Labor, women's: demand for, and prostitution, i, 153, i&7n84; support women's conspicuous Index 5; participation in the work force, 113, 115-16, consumption, 63, 70, 73; doctrine of separate i82n7; wages, 116, 118, 141; in brasseries, 133, spheres, 114. See also Customers; Sexuality; 141. See also Milliners Women Lecour, C. J., 12, 113, 118, 120 Meuron, Alfred de, 1 1 Lefebvre, Jules Joseph; Femme couchee, etude Milliners, 6, 113, 116—18, 120—22, 124, 126, (Reclining Woman, Study), 36, 36, 39, 51; 128—31, 150, 183^3. See also Clandestine Odalisque, 51, 54, 55 prostitution Liber, Jacques, 83, 85, i/GnioS Modern life: prostitution and, 1-2, 6, 7-9, 33, 35, Literature, prostitution in: significance, 1 — 2, 5, 6, 111-12, 126, 131, 134, 150, 152, i72n94; 7; connections with art, 26, 33, 70—73, 75; commodification, 8—9, 35, 131, 144, 150, artists' illustrations, 29, 73-74; clandestine, 152-53; urban, 8, 9, 94. See also Avant- 118. See also Zola, Emile; and other individual garde art writers Monet, Claude, Boulevard des Capucines, 95—96 Louis-Philippe, i Monotypes. See Degas Lower class. See Working class Montaud, Henri de, 91 Lunel, Ferdinand: Brasseries le Bas-Rhin et le Montifaud, Marc de (Marie-Amelie Chartroule de D'Harcourt, 138; La Brasserie Henri IV, 141 Montifaud), 19 Moore, George, 183^3 Mace, Gustave, 29, 43, 133, 142, iGonio, i62n2i, Morel-Retz, Louis Pierre Gabriel Bernard. i65n5, 178— 79ni32 See Stop Madams, 39, 44, 118. See also Brothels Morland, Victor: "Ces petites dames" ("These Magasins-pretextes. See Clandestine prostitution; Little Women"), 62; "Coupeau, Lantier, Mes- Milliners Bottes et cie.," 117; "Scenes de la vie Maisons. See Brothels parisienne" ("Scenes of Parisian Life"), 92, 9^, Make-up, 69. See also Fashion 1 17—18, 121 Manet, Edouard, 88; treats prostitution elliptically, "M. Manet edudiant la belle nature" ("Mr. Manet 6, 144; La Vie Moderne exhibition (1880), 75, Studying Beautiful Nature"), 79 78-79, 142, 144, i7on76 Musset, Alfred de, 2, 81—82, 172^4, 173^8, — works: Un bar aux Folies-Bergere (A Bar at the i73-74ni°3 Folies-Bergere), 5-6, 151, 151-52, i87nn 83-85; Les Bockeuses (Women Drinking Beer), Napoleon Bonaparte, i 101, 102; Le Cafe -concert, 134, 137, 142, Napoleon III, 2, 28 144—47, 15°' 1871181; Chez la modiste (At the Narrative, 2 — 3, 6, 33, 65, 67, 103, 106—107, 1O9? Milliner), 116, 121, 126, 127, 128, 150, 1831131; 111 — 12, 124, 126, 152, i67n37, i67nn42— 43, Devant la glace (Before the Mirror), 75, j6, 78; i8ini52. See also Ambiguity; Glimpse pictures La Femme a lajarretiere (The Garter), 75, 77, Neo-regulationism. See Begulationism 78 — 79; Nana, 5, 67, 68, 69—73, 75—76, 78, 79, Nudes and nudity, 23; in Salon art, 23, 36, 40, 41, 81, 92, 143, 152, i68n47, i68n54, i68n56, 51, 82-83, 85-86, 88, 90, 91, i76nio6, i69n7i, i7on73, 170^6, i7on8i; Olympia, 2, i77ni22; Degas, 28, 36, 40; in brothels, 35, 36, 4, 6, 16; La Prune (The Plum), 99, 100, 101, i6onio, i62n2i. See also Bodies; Clothing i Son 142; La Servante de bocks (The Waitress), 142, 143, 145—46; La Serveuse de bocks (The "Occupations des fillettes," 114, uj Waitress) [London], 134, 135, 142, 143-44, 147, 150, i87n8i; La Serveuse de bocks (The Parent-Duchatelet, A. J. B., i, 43, 56, 116—17 Waitress) [Paris], 134, 136, 142, 147, 150, i87n8i Paris: prostitute population, i, 2, 5, 7; migration Mantz, Paul, 67, 167^3 to, i, 94, 117; boulevards, 28, 65, 82, 92—96, Marriage, 5, i82n7- See also Adultery; Divorce 103, 120, 124, 142, i78-79nni3i-32, Martineau, L., 120, 134, 138—39 i79ni35, i84n37; rebuilding of, 28, 82 Marx, Karl, i56ni5 Paris, arts exhibitions in. See Exhibitions; Salon Maupassant, Guy de, 5, 44, 46, i79ni32 exhibitions Men: define female sexuality, 1 1, 15-16, 91; Paris Commune. See Commune needs and desires, 11 — 12, 14, 16, 19, 46; as "Paris pendant 1'Exposition" ("Paris during the spectators, 55, 69, 72-73, 91, 1 12, 118, 152, Exposition"), 133, 134