It is likely that the steps Mr. Trump proposes would have significant net negative effect on governmental revenue and result in higher taxes as State seek to close their growing deficits, however it is not possible to score this proposal in a meaningful way. 4. Mr. Trump’s platform calls for, “The J-1 visa jobs program for foreign youth will be terminated and replaced with a resume bank for inner city youth provided to all corporate subscribers to the J-1 61 visa program.” For context the J-1 visa is a non-immigrant visa part of a Cold War era program set up by the U.S. government in order to build soft power. The Department of State describes the program: The Summer Work Travel program provides foreign students with an opportunity to live and work in the United States during their summer vacation from college or university to experience and to be exposed to the people 62 and way of life in the United States. The program is not designed to augment the labor force but to expose young people to the United States in order to build goodwill upon their return home, the majority of participants work as camp 63 counselors, as interns, or seasonal work such as lift operators at ski resorts. Employers use the program to access low-skilled workers with international experience Most Colorado resorts rely on J-1 visa workers to meet the needs of international tourists. Growing visitation from Brazil and Argentina has led Aspen Skiing and Vail Resorts to continue recruiting efforts in those 64 countries. Firms are unlikely to bear the costs of continued participation in the program when they already have access to domestic low-skilled workers. Mr. Trump’s proposal would likely leave to an exodus of employers from the program and fewer job opportunities as opposed to employment opportunity for inner-city youth. 5. Mr. Trump has proposed replacing the existing refuge program with a “Refugee program for American children.” This would be done by: Increase[ing] standards for the admission of refugees and asylum-seekers to crack down on abuses. Use the monies saved on expensive refugee programs to help place American children without parents in safer homes and 65 communities, and to improve community safety in high crime neighborhoods in the United States. 66 The U.S. Government spent approximately $1,559.9 million in FY 2015 on refugees. For context the New York State Office of Children and Family Services, the government office in Mr. Trump’s home state that is in part charged with protecting vulnerable children such as those who presumably 67 be ‘American refugees’ under Mr. Trump’s plans 2015 budget was over four times that. The 61 Trump, Donald, Immigration Reform That Will Make America Great Again 62 U.S. Department of State, “J-1 Visa Exchange Visitor Program, Summer Work Travel Program,”Available at: http://j1visa.state.gov/programs/summer-work-travel. 63 U.S. Department of State, J-1 Visa Exchange Visitor Program Facts and Figures, Available at: http://j1visa.state.gov/basics/facts-and-figures/#participants 64 Blevins, Jason, “Colorado ski resorts keep staff levels steady,” The Denver Post, November 11, 2012. Available at: http://www.denverpost.com/ci_22056298/colorado-ski-resorts-keep-staff-levels-steady 65 Trump, Donald, Immigration Reform That Will Make America Great Again 66 Bruni, Andorra, Refugee Admissions and Resettlement Policy, Congressional Research Service, February 18, 2015. Available at: https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL31269.pdf 67 Office of Children and Family Services All Funds Appropriations (dollars), New York State Division of the Budget, Accessed December 19, 2015. Available at: https://www.budget.ny.gov/pubs/executive/eBudget1516/agencyPresentations/appropData/ChildrenandFamilyServicesOfficeof .html