84. Paul Alexis, "Manet," Revue Moderne et fleure a plein nez la prostituee qui nous est chere. 171 Naturaliste (1880): 293. Envelopper ses personnages de la senteur du Notes 85. "Chacun est de sa race, de son temps et de mode auquel ils appartiennent, telle a ete 1'une to Pages son milieu; les femmes du monde sont de vraies des plus constantes preoccupations de M. Manet" 78-79 femmes du monde, les filles de vraies filles, les (J.-K. Huysmans, "Le Salon officiel en 1880, rv," voyous de vrais voyous, et Nana est vraiment in UArt moderne/Certains, Paris, 10/18, 1975, Nana!" (Gustave Goetschy, "Edouard Manet," La p. 164). Vie Moderne, Apr. 17, 1880, p. 250). 93. From about the time of his public debut in 86. For example, Goetschy was undoubtedly 1873 until at least the end of the 18705, Henri referring to this work when he wrote, "les filles Gervex (1852-1929) managed to juggle a success- [sont] de vraies filles" (ibid.). ful academic career with a social life among artists 87. "II ne faut pas oublier . . . une des oeuvres on the institutional fringes of the early Third Re- qui attirent le plus le public par le risque du sujet: public. This balancing act never imperiled his c'est une femme en deshabille qui attache ses jar- academic respectability, nor did it dampen the en- retieres, et dont la position penchee fait voir ce thusiasm of his vanguard friends for his company, qu'en poesie on appelerait 'les tresors opulents du at least not until the early i88os. The Rolla scan- corsage.' Ceci est du pur naturalisme, quelque dal of 1878 in no way interrupted his eventual me- ne was a e m chose comme une page de Nana" (Paul Sebillot, teoric rise. As early as 1879, ^^ t° ove quoted by Trois Etoiles, "Les Petits Salons a cote out of Montmartre to the rue de Rome in the du Grand Salon," UArtiste [July 1880]: 32). fashionable Europe quarter. In 1882, he was made 88. David Kunzle, Fashion and Fetishism: A So- a chevalier of the Legion of Honor. cial History of the Corset, Tight-Lacing and Other A Parisian by birth, he began to study paint- Forms of Body-Sculpture in the West, Totowa, N.J., ing at the age of fifteen with Pierre Brisset, con- 1982, p. 180. tinuing as a student of Alexandre Cabanel and 89. "Que vient faire ici cette horrible femme Eugene Fromentin at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. qui, tournee sans pudeur vers le public, tire son He debuted in the Salon in 1873 at the age of bas bleu au-dessus duquel se drapent des linges twenty-one. The following list of his Salon ex- sordides et que surmonte un corset retenant avec hibits through 1878 verifies two important aspects peine une gorge affreuse, dont les plis tortueux et of his career: his early success and his calculated repugnants debordent effrontement du cote du switch in 1876 from mythological or religious to spectateur? Pourquoi?" (Bertall [Charles Albert modern-life subjects: Arnoux], quoted by Trois Etoiles, "Les Petits Sa- 1873, Baigneuse endormie, purchased by the lon," pp. 30-31). State for 2,000 F. 90. "En ce genre seduisant il y a la des mor- 1874, Satyre jouant avec une bacchante, second- ceaux de choix. Je ne parle pas de la Toilette de class medal, purchased by the State for cette grosse fille penchee et tirant un bas de soie 3,500 F (collection of the Musee de blanc" ("Chronique," Le Temps, Apr. 10, 1880, Luxembourg). p. 2). 1875, Diane et Endymion, purchased by the 91. In his History of Impressionism (4th ed., New State for 1,500 F. York, 1973, p. 403) John Rewald mistakenly iden- Job tified this cartoon as a delayed attack on Nana. Portrait de Mile. T. de Refuge Edmond de Goncourt reported that the radically 1876, Autopsie a VHotel-Dieu, honorable men- compressed chest of a Russian noblewoman (to tion, purchased by the State for 3,000 F. the degree that her nipples showed above her cor- Dans les bois set) provoked the most base sexual passions in his 1877, La Communion a VEglise de la Trinite, friend Gustave Flaubert (reported in the journal purchased by the State for 4,000 F. entry of Mar. 8, 1877). Portrait de mon ami Brispot 92. "L'une, la Toilette, representant une femme 1878, Portrait de Mme. G . . . decolletee, avancant sur la sortie de sa poitraille, Portrait de M. E. Paz un sommet de chignon et un bout de pif, tandis (See the Gervex dossier, Archives Nationales, qu'elle attache une jarretiere sur un bas bleu, Paris, F2i 4311.)