Chapter 4: Local Road Surface Treatment Options 116 2.2. Road Rehabilitation In the context of this Manual, road rehabilitation means the work necessary to restore to “good” condition the existing road pavement that has deteriorated to “poor” or “bad” condition. Road rehabilitation can include the provision of road drainage and other appurtenances. This means repairing, rehabilitating, improving existing drainage and providing new drainage systems if none had previously existed. Road rehabilitation may also be referred to as reconstruction or restoration if looking at the deifnition of restoring the road into its original condition. Rehabilitation will refer to restoring the existing surface pavement into its original condition whether the pavement is asphalt (resurfacing of asphalt) or concrete (re-blocking of concrete). The starting point for road rehabilitation is to determine how much of the existing road and drainage infrastructure is serviceable and can, perhaps with some cleaning and repair, be incorporated into the rehabilitation works. Beyond this, the work covered by road rehabilitation may include as appropriate, on a case-by-case basis, some or all of the following road work activities. All road works should be carried out in accordance with the appropriate Engineering Design Standards, Technical Speciifcations and Environmental Safeguards: a. To the extent possible and if practical, existing pavement should be recycled and used for the rehabilitation; b. To the extent possible and if practical, existing shoulder gravel should be recycled and used for the rehabilitation; c. For most local roads, it is expected that side drains will be of earth construction. Limited amounts of lined drains may be necessary in some exceptional circumstances. To the extent possible, existing side drains should be retained, cleaned, reshaped and repaired; d. Cross drains should be in the form of Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culverts (RCPC). In exceptional circumstance, a limited number of Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts (RCBC) may be necessary. To the extent possible existing cross drains