Chapter 4: Local Road Surface Treatment Options 120 2.4. Road Improvement Road improvement means any other physical or civil works on the road system that is more than the required scope of work for road rehabilitation or maintenance. The work usually involves improvement of roads to enhance accessibility and mobility. Road improvement may include any or all of the following: a. Road extension; b. Carriageway and road shoulder widening; c. Improvement of road realignment either in the horizontal or vertical directions; d. New or expanded earthworks either embankments or cuttings; for example raising the embankment over a certain height in order to reduce the risk of lfooding or increasing the amount of cut in order to widen the carriageway; e. Slope protection on an earthworks; and f. Widening or improvement of existing bridge. 2.5 Road Upgrading Road upgrading shall refer to civil works designed to elevate the current surface condition of the road to the next or higher surface condition. This may mean upgrading the existing gravel pavement to Double Bituminous Surface Treatment, Asphalt Concrete or Concrete. Similarly, the existing DBST to Asphalt pavement may be upgraded to Concrete pavement. The pavement of the provincial road may be upgraded to a higher pavement level if the existing pavement is not adequate to carry the current and/or projected traiffc volume. 2.6 New Road Construction As the name implies, new road construction involves the construction of a new road facility where nothing of its type currently exists. This might take the form of a bypass constructed to carry through traiffc around an existing town. New road construction may also be needed to create a new access route for new or existing growth centers in the province. The type of pavement to be installed will depend on the nature and volume of vehicle traiffc passing over the proposed road, as well as its relevance to the development objectives of the LGU.