Chapter 4: Local Road Surface Treatment Options 118 2.3. Road Maintenance Road maintenance means the routine and periodic repairs necessary to keep the road in “fair to good” condition. Routine and periodic maintenance work may be undertaken on local roads that form part of the core road network and have been rehabilitated or are classiifed as being in good or fair condition. 2.3.1 Routine Maintenance Routine annual road maintenance is carried out to keep the local roads including the road pavement, road shoulders, side drains, cross drains, roadside verges and road safety devices in good condition. Routine road maintenance works may include as appropriate, on a case-to-case basis, some or all of the following activities: Maintenance activities should include control of vegetation along roadside verges to preserve sight lines and drainage channels. Vegetation control may include cutting and trimming of grass, shrubs and trees and the removal and environmentally sustainable disposal of the cuttings and debris; 2.3.2 Periodic Maintenance Periodic road maintenance is usually more extensive work, carried out on a larger scale and at less frequent intervals than routine annual maintenance. The purpose of periodic maintenance is to preserve the quality of the road assets, retard the rate of deterioration and extend the economic life of the road infrastructure. Periodic road maintenance works are usually undertaken at between two (2) and ifve (5) year intervals depending on the particular facility and may include as appropriate, on a case-by-case basis, some or all of the following activities: a. Replace lost gravel, shape to proifle and compact on the shoulders;