the last legislative effort to defund cities S.2146 - Stop Sanctuary Policies and Protect Americans Act which failed in the Senate this fall contained at least 3.7 billion dollars of additional spending over the next decade according to estimates by the American Civil Liberties Union and would necessitate 12 new 35 federal prisons. 36 6. Mr. Trump wants to complete a visa tracking systems and enhance penalties for overstaying a visa. Congress has repeatedly voted over the last two decades to create a visa tracking systems. According to the Department of Homeland Security implementing biometric exit at air and sea ports would cost at least $3.5 billion over the next decade in terms of friction, delays at our ports. In 2003, DHS estimated the cost of implementing full land entry-exit at at least $3 billion. Senate sponsors of the 2013 immigration 37 reform bill argued that costs to create a workable system could run to $25 billion. Estimates of nonimmigrant overstays residing in the United States are plagued by the broader difficulties in measuring all three components of unauthorized migration—aliens entering without inspection between ports of entry and aliens entering with fraudulent documents, as well as aliens overstaying or otherwise violating the terms of legal entry. The extent that some nonimmigrant overstays become “quasi-legal” aliens (e.g., those who have legal permanent resident petitions pending or have sought relief from removal from an immigration judge) further complicate the estimates.39 Reportedly, the failure of DHS to consistently update the alien’s record—for example if the authorized period of admission is extended, if deferred departure is granted, or if the immigration status changes—is another major factor that prevents DHS from calculating reliable estimates of overstays. A way forward on the issue of nonimmigrant overstays seems out of reach, absent a reliable method to 38 measure emigration or an effective exit-monitoring system. But thanks in part to lobbying by security contractors, the Senate immigration bill that goes to the Republican-led House this week includes a 39 computerized "biometric" exit system that could cost more than $7 billion. 7. Mr. Trump wants the Federal government to increase involvement in anti-gang activity by increasing ICE cooperation with local police departments to specifically target gang members. There are not hard numbers on the number of gang members in the United States who are not American citizens, but 40 according to the FBI there were approximately 850,000 gang members in the U.S. in 2012. Another FBI report found, “CBP survey respondents indicate in some southwest border sectors, the percentage of 41 non-US citizen gang members was as high as 80 percent.” Given that ICE estimates the cost of an 34 Trump, Donald, Immigration Reform That Will Make America Great Again 35 Sakuma, Amanda, Senate weights mandatory minimums for undocumented immigrants, MSNBC, October 20, 2015. Available at: http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/senate-weighs-mandatory-minimums-undocumented-immigrants 36 Trump, Donald, Immigration Reform That Will Make America Great Again 37 Graham, Matt, Entry-Exit Visa Tracking, Bipartisan Policy Center, July 2013. Available at: http://bipartisanpolicy.org/wp- content/uploads/sites/default/files/files/Entry-exit%207-25-13.pdf 38 Wasem, Ruth Ellen, Nonimmigrant Overstays: Brief Synthesis of the Issue, Congressional Research Service, January 22, 2014. Available at: https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RS22446.pdf 39 Tanfani, Joseph and Brian Bennett, “Border 'surge' plan would be financial bonanza for private firms,” Los Angeles Times, July 8, 2013. Available at: http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jul/08/nation/la-na-adv-border-money-20130708 40 National Gang Intelligence Center, National Youth Gang Survey Analysis,”Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2012. Available at: https://www.nationalgangcenter.gov/survey-analysis/measuring-the-extent-of-gang-problems 41 National Gang Intelligence Center, 2013 National Gang Report, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2013. Available at: https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/national-gang-report-2013
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