8 Listening Steps in guided metacognitive sequence in a listening lesson from Goh and Yusnita (2006) Step 1 Pre-listening activity In pairs, students predict the possible words and phrases that they might hear. They write down their predictions. They may write some words in their first language. Step 2 First listen As they are listening to the text, students underline or circle those words or phrases (including first-language equivalents) that they have predicted correctly. They also write down the new information they hear. Step 3 Pair process-based discussion In pairs, students compare what they have understood so far and explain how they arrived at the understanding. They identify the parts that caused confusion and disagreement and make a note of the parts of the text that will require special attention in the second listen. Step 4 Second listen Students listen to those parts that have caused confusion or disagreement areas and make notes of any new information they hear. Step 5 Whole-class process-based discussion The teacher leads a discussion to confirm comprehension before discussing with students the strategies that they reported using. The Web that helps enhance language learning beyond the static page (i.e., just the printed word) and would focus on listening skills. ESL-LAB https://www.esl-lab.com/smartphone/smartphonerd1.htm 163