PREFACE Grammar…. I`ve noticed some blood and tears there. But it Grammar can be viewed as a partial characterization of linguistic structure (rather than defining a unique set of grammatical strings) Informally, a dependency grammar produces a set of terminals connected by a set of directed arcs — one arc for every terminal except the root terminal. • Provides coverage of specific language areas advanced -level students and their teachers will find most interesting to study. • Easy to use: Grammar in Tables. This book for advanced students combines how grammar works (Part 1 ), communicative grammar (Part 2), Cognitive Grammar, and Communication (Part 3), Slang and idioms (Part 4). Part 1. It is not only essential to have a clear definition and understanding of what grammar is; we need to really understand how grammar works. pg.1 Part 2. Grammar VS Communication (Grammar is a communication tool) pg.70 Introduction pg.71 1. Goal setting pg. 77 2. Dreams and the second conditional pg.79 3. Revision of and contrast between conditional sentences pg.84 4. Questions and Answers pg.89 5. Summary pg. 104 6. The GRAMMAR`S CEF levels. Common mistakes (C1) pg. 108 7. Tense Revision pg.139 Part 3. Cognitive linguistics is a modern school of linguistic thought that originally began to emerge in the 1970s due to dissatisfaction with formal approaches to language. pg.152 Part 4. The application of slang and idioms in the conversation makes the dialogues more fun and comfortable. pg.174