Symptoms: The hallmark symptoms of Sjögren’s syndrome are dry eyes and mouth. You may find that your eyes are sensitive to bright light or burn or feel scratchy, especially in the morning. You may have a dry cough or scratchy throat, caused by lack of saliva. Another sign may be an increase in cavities, mouth infections or mouth ulcers. Women may experience discomfort during sexual intercourse due to vaginal dryness. Some symptoms of Sjögren’s syndrome are similar to those of lupus; in particular, joint pain and fatigue – making it difficult for you to distinguish which condition is causing which symptom. Symptoms range widely in severity, from barely noticeable to debilitating. Diagnosis: In addition to reviewing your medical history, your doctor may arrange spe- cial eye examinations or test your saliva and tear production to confirm a diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome. Moisture management These practical tips may help you reduce the annoying symptoms of Sjögren’s syndrome: • Some people find that sucking on sugar-free candies or chewing sugar-free gum helps stimulate saliva. • Avoid acidic candies, food or beverages, as they may irritate open sores and damage your teeth. • Take small sips of water throughout the day, but avoid excessive water sipping, as it can reduce the oral mucous film and increase dry mouth symptoms. • Avoid dehydrating foods, drinks and medications, such as coffee, alcohol and foods with a high sugar content and antihistamines. • Talk to your doctor about saliva substitutes or prescription medications to increase saliva production. • Take care of your teeth; brush and floss, and visit your dentist regularly • Use artificial tears to keep your eyes moist. • Don’t wear contact lenses. • Wear protective eyewear to protect against drying wind and irritating sun- light. • Avoid vaginal irritants such as bubble baths, douches, sprays, soaps, etc. • Women may want to use water-based lubricants, such as K-Y Jelly, during sexual intercourse. Don’t use oil-based lubricants (such as those containing petroleum jelly or baby oil) because they may irritate the vaginal lining. Talk to your partner about the need for increased foreplay to promote lubrication. Possible concerns: Saliva helps protect your gums and teeth, so Sjögren’s syndrome can lead to tooth decay and gum disease. It is important to tell your dentist if you have Sjögren’s syndrome. Get regular check-ups and brush and floss regularly. The back of your throat and lungs may be affected by Sjogren’s syndrome. Be sure to follow up with your doctor if you have a cough or cold that doesn’t go away. Less commonly, Sjögren’s syndrome can also cause complications with internal organs, such as the kidneys, liver and pancreas, and the central nervous system. Finally, if you are a woman with Sjögren’s syndrome, talk to your doctor before becoming pregnant. You may need to be tested for an antibody that can cause heart problems in newborns. 50