A TO Z INDIA - MAY 2023

A TO Z INDIA English & Tamil Monthly Magazine Price Rs 65/- Volume 06 • Issue 10 May 2023 The Head of a Sow The Shakti of Varaha Varahi Amman (or) Varahi Lakshmi Indian Culture ● Indian Art ● Indian Lifestyle ● Indian Religion

Submit your artwork, articles & essays to the e.mail id: [email protected] A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 2

FROM THE EDITOR A TO Z INDIA magazine covers the Indian through his art, culture, lifestyle, religion, etc. This magazine gives an insight into the life of Indians from an angle uncovered by others. Turn to find out what it is about and to immerse yourself into an entirely different culture. 04 Publication Team: FROM THE EDITOR'S DESK: NARASIMHA JAYANTI - THE FOURTH EDITOR: Indira Srivatsa INCARNATION OF LORD VISHNU ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Narsimha Jayanti is another important festival among the Hindus and is Dwarak, Srivatsa celebrated on Vaisakh Chaturdashi (14th day) of the Shukla Paksh. Narsimha is EDITORIAL the fourth incarnation of it Lord Vishnu where he appeared as a man-lion that CONSULTANTS: Santha, is the face was like a lion and the trunk was like a man. All Lord Vishnu Bhavani, Srinivasan devotees also observe fast on this day. REPORTING: Raghavan PHOTOGRAPHY: Adithyan 08 GRAPHICS ENGINEER: SPECIAL ON MAHAVIRA Chandra JAYANTI 4TH APRIL, 2023: LORD MAHAVIRA - THE FOUNDER OF Editorial Office: inside UNIVERSAL RELIGION E002, Premier The entire life of Mahavira is a Grihalakshmi living inspiration for the rise of Apartments, self and others. Elango Nagar South, Virugambakkam, A TO Z INDIA: Editorial Address Chennai - 600092, Tamil Nadu, India. Communication Details: MOBILE: +91-7550160116 e.mail id: [email protected] Disclaimer: A TO Z INDIA Magazine has made a constant care to make sure that content is accurate on the date of publication. The views expressed in the articles reflect the author(s) opinions. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 3

NARASIMHA JAYANTI: THE FOURTH NARASIMHA JAYANTI: THE FOURTH INCARNATION OF LORD VISHNU INCARNATION OF LORD VISHNU From the Editor's Desk: Narasimha Jayanti - The fourth incarnation of Lord Vishnu Narsimha Jayanti is another important festival among the Hindus and is celebrated on Vaisakh Chaturdashi (14th day) of the Shukla Paksh. Narsimha is the fourth incarnation of it Lord Vishnu where he appeared as a man-lion that is the face was like a lion and the trunk was like a man. He had killed demon Hiranyakashipu on this day. All Lord Vishnu devotees also observe fast on this day. It is known that Narsimha appeared during the sunset on Chaturdashi and that is why the puja is performed during those hours. The purpose of Narasimha Jayanti is to remove Adharm and to follow the path of Dharam. Dharam is to perform correct deeds and not harm anyone. Fasting on Narsimha Jayanti is said to relieve all problems of devotees. They should try to meditate and recite mantras in isolation for better results. There are numerous temples in southern India that are dedicated Lord Narsimha where regular prayers and pujas are offered to the Lord. Strong dedication is required to be priests in the temples of Narsimha and devotees should also meditate while in temple. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 4

Shiva and Nandi - Travel to the future: What time is it? Adithyan What time is it? In His case the answer to that could be anything possible from any history book ever written; Who knew of His travels and travails through the portals of that enigmatic thing we called Time? Caves, fire, herds, kings, wars, success, empires, tyranny, spirituality, generosity; He had seen it all. Now, He just had to ask who was the King, or who was the Godman, and by these two parameters He could place Himself in an “Era”. Also, He had developed a rather fine sense of being able to tell what part of day it was by ‘listening’ intently to Sun rays, He could tell what season it was by ’smelling’ the sky! And so, in no time at all, He would become quite well anchored in what time it really was. What time was it? Though it was Parvati who was His inseparable Self, another being also loved being by His side, at all times. Nandi the Bull. Nandi was Shiva’s faithful guard, and also His ride rolled into one. All the gods had carefully chosen their mode of transport, Vahan as it was called. In Shiva’s case, a bull was His alter ego, and He was often called the bull bannered Lord. When they rode together it was indeed a sight. Not only did they traverse lands and meet peoples of different geographies, but also they travelled through the annals of time itself, witnessing history as a dynamic of the now. And so it was with gratitude that Shiva looked at His watch which Nandi gifted to Him on one of their travels to the future. They did that often, Shiva and Nandi: Travel to the future. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 5

Shiva and Nandi - Travel to the future: What time is it? Adithyan Now this was a great device, and actually it worked more like a compass inasmuch as it could help Him in not getting lost in that ocean of infinity. It was a Longines make, and Shiva liked the insignia on top - a winged hourglass that reminded him of His Damaru. “The Damaru, He had once told Nandi,” is also an hourglass if you look at it properly. It contains all the time that has been, and all that will be, and can flip the position of both, if you know how, Nandi.” To which the bull had only grunted his loyal approval. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 6

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By Lalit Garg Writer, Journalist, Columnist Special on Mahavira Jayanti 4th April, 2023: E-253, Saraswati Kunj Apartment 25 IP Extensions, Patparganj, Delhi-92 Lord Mahavira - The Founder of Universal Religion e mail: [email protected] Lalit Garg Phone: 22727486, 9811051133 The entire life of Mahavira is a living inspiration for the rise of self and others. He has illuminated millions and millions of people with his aura of positivity. Therefore becoming a Mahavira is a symbol of the meaning of life. To become a Mahavira means to lead a healthy life, to develop immunity, to illuminate the soul and become a person who is self-reliant. Every year we celebrate the birth anniversary of Lord Mahavira, but this year the birth anniversary has to be purposeful, not mere planning. For this, every person should do spiritual practice to look within himself; Mahavira is not only worshiped, but should be imbibed in life. It is necessary that we inculcate the teachings given by Mahavira in our life and practice. Every person prepares to become a Mahavira, then only one can get rid of problems. Mahavira can only become a person who is completely devoted to the goal, whose lifestyle is restrained and disciplined, who has the capacity to bear the sufferings. One who can maintain equanimity, restraint and balance even in adverse circumstances, who is ready to practice silence and heat the body. In whose mind there is a feeling of coexistence towards the whole being. One who not only knows how to change his destiny through effort, but also wishes for a bright future for the entire humanity. Mahavira was born centuries ago, but his life and teachings are more effective and relevant in today's time of crisis and many diseases. Mahavira is a wave of health-evolution, a smokeless crest of healthy life-light. There is an unnamed river of courage and restraint. There was a hint of eternity in his dialogues. His lifestyle was so dominant that he would have been bound by a once-living. There was such brilliance in his eyes that the one who saw him once could not forget. There was such an invitation in his call for a healthy life that it could not be ignored. His guidance was so perfect that the one who found him could never go astray. His presence was so inspiring that one would get transformed. He said 'appana sacchameseja' - find the truth yourself. He did not make anyone run with the help of crutches. If you have the ability to walk on your feet, then you can walk whenever you want and reach wherever you want. He not only illuminated the way, but also created the inner light. These are all the reasons that remind us of Mahavira. Mahavira believed in a healthy life. They lived on their own. He also taught others to live in himself. They were healthy. No disease could touch him. He gave many sources of health. One of them was the formula – Kayotsarga. Kayotsarga means purification of the body, maintenance of the body, purity and restraint towards the body. Kayotsarga is also the starting point of sadhana and it is also the final point. This is the first understanding of health and the final conclusion. It is the shield for emergency situations involving the body. It is the use of stress-immersion and is free from all sorrows. Mahavira's sadhana period lasted twelve and a half years. In it he repeatedly used kayotsarga. The wearer of protective armor or bulletproof jacket does not have the fear of being shot, similarly after going into deep Kayotsarga, the effect of adverse conditions of major diseases and deadly and life-threatening attacks is attenuated. Like Mahavira, one who practices Kayotsarga becomes healthy-hearted, becomes light and can lead a happy life by being absorbed in expansive meditation. The person who wants to get rid of various kinds of diseases, wants to become healthy and has to take medicine in the form of Kayotsarga. Mahavira had the science of medicine whose constituent elements are A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 9

By Lalit Garg Writer, Journalist, Columnist Special on Mahavira Jayanti 4th April, 2023: E-253, Saraswati Kunj Apartment 25 IP Extensions, Patparganj, Delhi-92 Lord Mahavira - The Founder of Universal Religion email: [email protected] Lalit Garg Phone: 22727486, 9811051133 not mentioned in medical science, he gave such an unfading system of health, which is as easy as it is difficult. Kayotsarga is a type of penance. In which physical restlessness and anger etc. have to be immersed. The focus has to be on the breath. Is the mind fickle or the restlessness of the mind is the mind. On the basis of this concept, it seems difficult to stop the restlessness of the mind. In the practice of Kayotsarga, words like relaxation, shavasana or relaxation for the body are used. Kayotsarga is such a door, from where one can get a glimpse of the soul, a feeling of existence apart from the gross body. In Kayotsarga, the body and mind get complete relaxation. There are many misconceptions about Jainism in the public. Jainism is a religion that hurts the body. Mahavira talks of giving rest to the body. How can the principle of suffering be valid in such a situation? Any austerity or penance does not mean to cause pain to the body, but to cultivate the body. The mind cannot be controlled without the body. Therefore, through yogic processes, a way has been made to cultivate the body. Kayotsarga has a special significance in the field of spirituality. Its usefulness in medical science is also undeniable. Kayotsarga also plays a big role in various investigations done by the modern equipment of medical science. In every medical examination, it is advised to leave the body a little loose and slow down the breathing, it is said to leave the mouth loose even during the extraction of teeth. In case of high blood pressure, it can be balanced by kayotsarga. Unbalanced lifestyle and stress are the major problems of this time. Small and big, rich and poor, everyone is surrounded by this tension. This is a problem for which doctors do not even have a cure. Kayotsarga can be a permanent solution to the problem of stress and fear. If Kayotsarga is done regularly, then there will be no leave for tension and fear to arise. Through Kayotsarga, both body and mind can be kept healthy. Kayotsarga is a mantra for self-meditation, in the same way, health is also a mantra for spiritual practice. In modern life, the practice of silence, mantra cultivation and restraint is very useful. Silence gives rest, happiness comes. But the glory of silence that is accompanied by Kayotsarga is different. Be it silence, meditation, fasting or any other restraint ritual, all have a useful place in getting rid of diseases. Those who want physical, mental and spiritual health, want to avoid epidemics and diseases, they should use this great mantra Kayotsarga of Mahavira. Kayotsarga is medicine and highway to health. Anyone following this can lead a healthy life. Lord Mahavira is truly a shining beam of light and the founder of universal religion. He is the savior of the human mind of this creation. Mahavira had given maximum emphasis on fasting, restraint and character. Mahavira's entire life is the culmination of austerity and meditation, so he is self-motivated. The teachings of the Lord are life-giving in which the solution of life's problems is contained. Lord Mahavira is Chinmaya Deepak ( a lamp that has the never lasting illumination light) The lamp removes the darkness, but the usefulness of the Chinmaya lamp to defeat the darkness of ignorance is undeniable. In fact, Mahavira's discourses and teachings are millions of beams of light. In order to be flooded with the rays of knowledge, it is necessary to immerse in them, only then will we be able to move towards a healthy life. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 10

Khatuapada, Uttara, Odisha: Bhairangeswar Temple Midhun Bhairangesvara Temple is a Hindu Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva located in Khatupada village, on the South-Eastern outskirts of Bhubaneswar in Khurda District in Odisha, India. The temple stands on the foothills of Dhauli, near the left bank of the river Daya. History: The temple was believed to be built in 12th century CE by Somavamsis. This temple is currently under the control of Archaeological Survey of India, Bhubaneswar Circle. The Temple: This temple is facing towards west. The temple was originally built in form of a Panchayatana complex, which features a main shrine surrounded by four subsidiary shrines at the four corners of the temple. But the subsidiary shrines are completely lost. However, the traces of ruins of two shrines can be seen on the southeastern and the northeastern corners. The temple has been built on a raised platform. The temple consists of Rekha Vimana, Antrala and Pidha Jagamohana. The temple is Pancharatha on plan and Panchangabada in elevation. There is a Chandrasila between the doorjamb on the floor, which is decorated with beautiful conches on both the sides. There are two Dvarapala niches on either side at the base of the doorjamb. The architrave above the doorjamb is carved with the Navagrahas seated in Padmasana within a niche. Presiding Deity is called as Bhairangesvara. He is housed in the sanctum in the form of Lingam within circular Yonipitha. The exterior walls are devoid of any decoration, except the udyotasimha in the raha pagas on three sides & gajakranta on the western wall. Idols of Ganesha and Mahisasuramardini can be seen in the niches around the Vimana. The niche in the south is empty. An image of Hanuman, a female deity, a deulacharini, fragment of an amalaka, six pillar fragments and a couple seated beneath a tree can be seen in the temple premises. Festivals: Shivarathri, Kartika Purnima, Raja Sankranti and Jalasaya ceremony are the festivals celebrated here. Connectivity: The temple is located at about 1.5 Kms from Dhauli, 14 Kms from Bhubaneshwar Airport, 14 Kms from Bhubaneshwar Railway Station, 17 Kms from Baramunda Bus Stand, 18 Kms from Bhubaneswar and 28 Kms from Bhubaneshwar New Railway Station. The temple is situated on Bhubaneshwar to Puri Route close to Central Institute Of Freshwater Aquaculture. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 13

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Dedicated to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: By Ayan Adak e-mail: [email protected] Poem - Meeting Netaji Ayan If I could meet you today, From behind the curtain sheer, What would you say? The Gumnaami voice may speak, Would you be proud? Would you be pleased? We need to fulfill our own part Or would you say nothing – in sheer dismay Before we answers seek Would you still say, this fight Matters not what had happened then, Was worth every soul that cried, That time has long since gone, Eight decades since, our growth has earned What matters is where we are now – Your sacrifice some pride? Hind – azad, reborn Would you still march, if you could For, in every era, nations will rise From the edge of faraway lands? Kingdoms will also fall Would you still charge to Delhi’s gates A new Netaji needs to rise To deliver us from ignoble hands? When the nation gives a call Subhas Chandra Bose in Germany A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 16

Dedicated to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: By Ayan Adak e-mail: [email protected] Poem - Meeting Netaji Ayan If we can all wake, understand And even if not the galaxy, This time has need for cure, But just a world we heal He’ll come back again in each of us, Our long march will make a start In hearts all brave and pure As the bells will softly peal If he inspires us even today To help conquer our fears. We make his sacrifice be worth His blood and sweat and tears… Subhas Chandra Bose meeting Adolf Hitler A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 17

Incredible India: Images of India through Paintwork Chandra A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 18

Incredible India: Images of India through Paintwork Chandra A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 19

Kanchipuram, India: Kailashnathar Temple Midhun Kailashnathar temple in Kanchipuram stands as among the finest in the Pallava temple architecture. Built under patronage of the Pallava King Rajasimha (Narasimhavarman II) between 685-705 CE, the temple architecture followed the Smartta traditions. The temple is oblong in shape, with a wall built around the temple, a first of its kind in those times. There are 2 Shiva temples within the walled complex. The 1st one is known as Rajasimhesvara, which is built by Narasimhavarman II, & is larger, & located on the western side. The other temple on the eastern side is known as Mahendravarmesvara, and was built later by Mahendravarman III. The sanctums of both temples hold faceted Shivalingas with a Somaskanda panel (Shiva with Parvati and Skanda) on the rear wall. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 20

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Jewel in the Crown of Angkor Art: Banteay Srei Midhun Banteay Srei goes by many nicknames such as “The Lady temple”, “The Tiny temple”, “The Pink temple”, arguably one of finest stone carving temple anywhere on earth. This temple is unique as it was constructed by using reddish coloured sandstone, dedicated to Hindu God Shiva, then called as ‘Tribhuvanamahesvara’. Khmer King Rajendravarman-II came to power at his young age in 944CE. One of his Guru, Yajnavaraha was granted permission to build a temple complex in a rural settlement located on the outskirts of the capital Yashodharapura. This settlement was later named as ‘Ishwarapura’, which literally means ‘The City of Ishwara’. It is said that the smaller size was deliberate, to focus more on aesthetic excellence. Due to the hardness of the stone used, this temple has retained sharpness and finishing, even after 1000+ years of exposure to natural erosion. The Walls, Archways, and Thoranas are enriched with intricate and miniature sculptures depicting scenes from the Great Hindu epics Mahabharatha and Ramayana. Excellent craftsmanship marks this well preserved temple as the acme of Hindu temple artwork. Place: Banteay Srei, 32km from Siem Reap city, Cambodia. Period: Consecration in the year 967 CE as per the inscriptions at the temple, patronised by Yajnavaraha, a courtier and guru of Kings Rajendravarman-II and Jayavarman-V. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 22

Nainativu , Jaffna , Sri Lanka: Nagapooshani Amman Temple Midhun This temple is one of the two Shakti Peethas in Sri Lanka. This temple is located a good 45 drive and 20- minute boat ride from the city. A ferry boat leaves every half an hour from either side to the island of Nainativu. This temple is one of the two Shakti Peethas in Sri Lanka.This temple is located a good 45 drive and 20- minute boat ride from the city. A ferry boat leaves every half an hour from either side to the island of Nainativu. The 108 feet tall gopuram of the Nagapooshani Amman temple is visible from a long distance. On the boat ride, you can see it getting bigger as you get closer. After landing the road straight leads to this very gopuram. Naga or the serpent motif can be seen everywhere in the temple. A big Nandi sits in front of the temple and you meet it as soon as you enter the temple. The temple is big and attracts a huge number of devotees. The main sanctum has the Vigrah of Nagapooshani Amman. On one side is the Utsav Murti in bronze and on the other side there is a huge Sri Chakra-like creation where people offer flowers. I was there on a Friday, so I got to see the procession of the Devi in its full glory. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 23

ெகாங் நாட் ல் ைசவக் ரவர் களால் பாடல் ெபற் ற சிவாலயம்: ப் ரயாக் ராஜ் திரிேவணிைய பிரதிபலிக் ம் பவானி டல் பத் மநாபன் திநணா (பவானி), திச்ெசங் ேகா, கர் (கர் ), திகன் ண் , திப் பாண் க் ெகா (ெகா), திப் பக் ெகாளிர் (அவிநாசி), ெவஞ் சமாக் டல் ஆகிய ஏம் ‘ெகாங் ேகழ் தலங் கள் ’ என் ற சிறப் பப் ெபற் றைவ. இத் தலங் கள் ேதவார வர் விஜயம் ெசய் அற் பதங் கள் நிகழ்த் திய ெபைம வாய் ந் தைவ. க் டலில் உள் ள பவானி: கங் ைக, யைன, அந் தர்வாஹினியான சரஸ் வதி ஆகிய ன் நதிகம் மிடம் திரிேவணி சங் கமம் (பிரயாைக) என் அைழக்கப் பகிற. இந் க் களின் வழிபாட் ல் திரிேவணி சங் கமத்க் ேபரிடம் உண் . உ.பி. மாநிலத்தின் அலகாபாத்திள் ள திரிேவணி சங் கமம் பண் ணியத் தலமாகவம் தீர் த் தாடனத் தலமாகவம் விளங் கிற. அதற் இைணயான ெதன் னகத்திள் ள, பவானி ைற என் தற் ேபா அைழக் கப் பம் ‘திநணா’. காவிரி, பவானி, கண் க் ப் பலப் படாத அமிர் த நதி என் ற ன் நதிகம் இங் கின் றன. இங் பனித நீராடம் நீத் தார் கடன் ேமற் ெகாள் வம் மிகச் சிறப் பானைவ.லஇங் ள் ள சங் கேமஸ் வரர் ஆலயம் ஆயிரம் ஆண் கள் பழைமயான. இங் சங் கேமஸ் வரர் என் ற ெபயரில் ஈசன் ெகாண் ள் ளார் . இைறவி, ேவதநாயகி. இக் ேகாயில் வளாகத்திேலேய, ெஸௗந் தரவல் லித் தாயாடன் ஆதிேகசவப் ெபமாள் தனி சந் நதியில் காட் சி தகிறார் . இக் ேகாயிலின் தலவிட் சம் இலந் ைத மரம் . திஞான சம்பந் தரால் பாடல் ெபற் ற தலம் திநணா. சம்பந் தரின் திநணாப் பதிகம் இரண் டாம் திைறயில் இடம் ெபற் ள் ள. அணகிரிநாதர் திப் பகழில் இத் தலத் ைதப் பாயள் ளார் . தன பக் தரான ஆங் கிேலய அதிகாரி வில் லியம் காேராவின் உயிைர ேவதநாயகி அம்மன் காத்ததாகவம், அதற் நன் றிக் கடனாக அம்மக் தந் தக் கட் ல் வழங் கியதாகவம் (1804ம் ஆண் ) ேகாயில் தலவரலா கிற. ீ ஈேரா மாவட்டத்தில் இத் தலம் உள் ள. ஈேராட் ந் 15 கிம. ரத் திம், ீ ேசலத் திலிலிந் 56 கிம. ரத் திம் பவானி உள் ள. ெகாங் மண் டலத் தின் பிரதானமான ேகாயில் பவானி எனில் மிைகயில் ைல. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 24

Kathmandu Valley, Bhaktapur, Nepal: The Changu Narayan Temple Adithyan The Changu Narayan temple is a religious heritage site located in the Kathmandu Valley, historically known as the Nepa, or Nepal valley, in the province of Bhaktapur, Nepal. The Changu Narayan temple is considered by most to be the oldest temple in Nepal’s history. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 25

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Kathmandu Valley, Bhaktapur, Nepal: The Changu Narayan Temple Adithyan The temple is located on the top of a hill 12 kilometers east of Kathmandu, the capital and largest city in Nepal, and is surrounded by champak trees. The Changu Narayan temple is considered by most to be the oldest temple in Nepal’s history. The exact time when the temple was created is unknown, but it is said to have been created during the time of the Licchavi kingdom (400 – 750CE). The temple pays homage to the deity Vishnu and is considered the most important temple in the valley. This temple is one of four major temples in Nepal’s surrounding area dedicated to the Hindu deity Vishnu. Changu Narayan is the earliest and most famous temple dedicated to Vishnu, but many other temples dedicated to various other deities can be found throughout Nepal. Vishnu first appears in the Rig Veda as a solar deity with a part of him representing the Sun. Vishnu has a wide variety of depictions across the various Hindu denominations. In early Vedic religion Vishnu was a minor god, but as the religion progressed he grew in strength and popularity until he was recognized as one of the most powerful gods in Hinduism. The temple’s origin story stems from an ancient legend concerning the deity Vishnu. A Gwala, or cow herder, had purchased a cow from a brahmin that was renowned for producing large quantities of milk. The Gwala often took this cow to a forest of Champak trees to graze on the grass, however the cow would always go into the shade of its favourite tree where a boy would drink the cow’s milk. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 27

Kathmandu Valley, Bhaktapur, Nepal: The Changu Narayan Temple Adithyan In the evenings, the gwala would return home to milk the cow but found that he would only get a small amount of milk from the cow. This trend continued for several days and the gwala became very sad. The gwala went back to the brahmin that sold him the cow and explained how the cow was no longer producing the large quantities of milk. The next day the brahmin and the Gwala hid and observed the cow’s behavior through the day. They noticed the little black boy drinking the cow’s milk and the two men thought that the boy must be a devil that lived in the cow’s favorite tree. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 28

Kathmandu Valley, Bhaktapur, Nepal: The Changu Narayan Temple Adithyan The two men became furious and began to cut down the tree, but when they struck the tree they noticed human blood coming from it. The two got worried and feared that they had committed a serious crime. The Lord Vishnu then emerged to the two men and explained that those events were not their fault. Vishnu then told them his story of how he unintentionally killed Sudarshan’s father while hunting in the woods. Afterwards, he was cursed for his sins and wandered the earth until ending up on the Changu hill where he survived using the stolen cow’s milk. When the brahmin and the Gwala cut down the tree, Vishnu was decapitated and freed from his sins. After listening to Vishnu’s words the two men decided to erect a temple in honor of Vishnu. The temple has been considered sacred since the site was constructed. The Changu Narayan temple is a two story structure with copper and wood carvings all around it. The layout of the temple has been changed several times due to natural disasters damaging the temple. The four entrances to the temple all feature triple doorways that have been cut into the brick walls of the temple, and on the western entrance there are copper plated sheets molded over the carvings. The temple contains artworks from the fourth, ninth and thirteenth centuries, most of which are Newar art: work from the Newar people, an Indiginous Indo-Aryan group primarily from the Kathmandu Valley. Newa art is centered around Hindu and Buddhist deities, sculptures made in this art style use the lost-wax casting method. The most valued art piece is an earthquake damaged sculpture of Vishnu in his universal form – Vishvarupa. Two other structures just outside of the temple are devoted to Lakshmi. The Centre of the temple has a mandapa, a hallway supported by pillars and a roof, that is used for public rituals. The mandapa was contributed to the temple by Jayprakash Malla, the final king of the Malla dynasty that ruled over the Kathmandu valley from 1200 – 1770 CE. Archaeologists suggest that the mandapa was the origin of the temple and that the brick walls that surround the temple were built afterwards. The Changu Narayan temple has been plagued with destruction since its creation and has been rebuilt on multiple occasions. The most recent of which was a 7.8 magnitude earthquake that affected most of Nepal and killed over nine thousand Nepalese people in April of 2015. A few of the main support pillars were compromised during the earthquake and a large granite slab fell from the second story laying next to a brass bell tangled in prayer flags. As the temple is upwards of thirteen hundred years old the structural integrity of the temple is not what it once was, combined with illegal mining operations at the base of the hill. The country of Nepal relies on tourism, making up approximately 10% of the country’s total GDP, so with their famous landmarks being so greatly affected it impacts their culture and the country as a whole. Many of the people around the Kathmandu area have taken issue with the government’s treatment of the sacred site and blame the destruction on corrupt officials. Global efforts have been started to reconstruct the temple; for example, Germany has contributed thirty thousand dollars of the needed three hundred thousand to start repairs on the heritage site. In Nepal many aspects of ways of life are interconnected from religious to historical to economic elements. The residents around the temple have come together under a common goal of fixing the temple, not only for personal use, but for the benefit of Nepal as a whole. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 29

Thanjavur, India: Brihadisvara Temple Midhun Built in the year 1010 CE by the Chola emperor Rajaraja, it turns 1012 years this year. It took 34 years to complete the construction started by Cholas then the Pandians and the Marathas. The place is also known as Gangaikonda Cholapuram which served as the Chola capital for 250 years. The Brihadisvara Temple is a Hindu temple located in Thanjavur, India. It was built during the 11th century by the Chola dynasty and is an example of Dravidian architecture. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is known for its towering vimana (temple tower) and intricate carvings. Built in the year 1010 CE by the Chola emperor Rajaraja, it turns 1012 years this year. It took 34 years to complete the construction started by Cholas then the Pandians and the Marathas. The place is also known as Gangaikonda Cholapuram which served as the Chola capital for 250 years. Chola dynasty ruled for 5 centuries making it longer than the Mughal and the British rule. At its peak, the thalassocracy Chola Empire stretched from the northern parts of Sri Lanka in the south to the Godavari-Krishna river basin in the north, the Konkan coast, the entire Coast of Malabar in addition to Lakshadweep, Maldives, and some parts of Indonesia and Malaysia. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 30

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ஒ சிகைத: சாதைனக்கான ஆதார சக் தி உங் கக் ள் ேள கிடக் கிற இந் திரா எதப் பக் கத் ெதரியாத ஒ ஏைழ. ஒ மாதா ேகாயிலில் மணி அக் ம் ேவைலைய பல ஆண் களாக பார்த் வகிறான் . அந் த மாதா ேகாயிக் ஒ பதிய பாதிரியார் வகிறார் . அவர் மணி அக் ம் ஆள் எதப் பக் கத் ெதரியாதவன் என் பைத அறிந் , எத பக் கத் ெதரியாத ஒவர் சர் ச்சில் ேவைல ெசய் ய அமதி கிைடயா. உன் ைன எப் ப ேவைலக் ேசர்த்தார்கள் ? இன் ம் 15 நாள் உனக் அவகாசம் தகிேறன் . அதற் ள் நீ எத பக் க கற் க் ெகாள் ள ேவண் ம். இல் ைலேயல் உன் ைன சர் ச் ேவைலயில் இந் நீக் கம் ெசய் விேவன் என் எச்சரித் அப் பகிறார் . இரவ வீ திம்பிய அவன் தன் மைனவியிடம் பாதிரியார் ெசான் னைத வத்தத்டன் றி இத்தைன வயக் பிற நான் எங் கிந் எத பக் க கற் க் ெகாள் ேவன் ? அவம் 15 நாளில் கிற காரியமா? என் றி வந் கிறான் . அவன் மைனவி ஆதல் றி ேவ ேவைல ஏதாவ பாங் கேளன் என் கிறார் . இந் த மணி அக்ம் ேவைலையத் தவிர எனக் ேவ என் ன ேவைல ெதரியம் என் வத்தடன் ெசால் லிக் ெகாண் ேட இரவ சாப் பாட் ைட த் க் ெகாண் வடீ ் ைட விட் ெவளிேய நடந் சற் ரம் ெசன் றான் . மன அைமதி ெபறலாம் என் ற எண் ணத்தில் கால் ேபான ேபாக் கில் நடந் தான் . ஒ சிகெரட் பிக் க ேவண் ம் ேபால் ேதான் கிற. ீ ஆனால் வழியில் கைட ஏமில் ைல. மார் ஒ கிேலா மட் டர் ரம் ெசன் ற பிறேக ஒ கைட இக் கிற. அங் ெசன் சிகெரட் பித் ீ விட் வீ திம் பகிறான் . திம் பம் வழியில் மண் ம் ஒ சிகெரட் ீ பிக் க ேதான் கிற. ஆனால் திம்பவம் ஒ கிேலா மட் டர் ரம் A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 32

ஒ சிகைத: சாதைனக்கான ஆதார சக் தி உங் கக் ள் ேள கிடக் கிற இந் திரா நடக் க ேவண் ம். இப் ப அவன் நிைனத் த ேவைளயில் ஒ ேயாசைன ேதான் கிற. ீ இந் த ஒ கிேலாமட் டர் ர இைடவழியில் நாம் ஒ சி கைட ேபாட் சிகெரட் , பீ விற் றால் என் ன? இந் த ேயாசைனயில் மநாள் ஓரிடத் தில் தைரயில் ணி விரித் சிகெரட், பீ தீப் ெபட் ஆகியவற் ைற விற் க ெதாடங் கிறான் . விைரவிேலேய அ ஒ ெபட் கைடயாக வளர் ந் பிற எல் லா ெபாட் கம் விற் ம் பார் ட் ெமன் டல் ஸ் ேடார் ஆகி விகிற. பின் னர் நகரின் க் கிய இடங் களில் அ கிைளகைள உண் டாக் கி அக் கம் பக் கத் ஊர் களிம் கிைள பரப் பகிற. இப் ேபா அவன் றிப் பிடத் தக் க ேகாஸ் வரர் கள் ஒவன் . வங் கியில் அவன் பணம் ேகாக் கணக் கில் ேசர் ந் திக் கிற. அந் த வங் கிக் பதிதாக ஒ ேமேனஜர் வகிறார் . இவன் கணக் கில் ஏகப் பட் ட பணம் ெவமேன டங் கி கிடப் ப பார் த் இைத அதிக வட் கிைடக் ம் திட் டங் களில் அவர் தலீ ெசய் யலாேம என் றி அவைன வரவைழத் விஷயத்ைத ெசால் கிறார். இவன் வங் கி ேமேனஜைர பார் த் எனக் வங் கியில் உள் ள தலடீ ் திட் டங் கள் பற் றி எவம் ெதரியா. அதனால் சம்பாதிக் ம் பணத் ைத எல் லாம் ம்மா ேபாட் ைவத் திக் கிேறன் என் கிறான் . அைத எல் லாம் நான் பார் த் க் ெகாள் கிேறன் இேதா இந் த விண் ணப் பத் தில் ஒ ைகெயத் மட் ம் ேபாங் கள் . மற் றைத வங் கி நிர் வாகம் பார் த் க் ெகாள் ம் என் கிறார் ேமேனஜர் . அவன் எனக் ைகெயத்ப் ேபாடத் ெதரியா. நான் எதப் பக் கத் A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 33

ஒ சிகைத: சாதைனக்கான ஆதார சக் தி உங் கக் ள் ேள கிடக் கிற இந் திரா ெதரியாதவன் என் கிறான் . ேமேனஜர் ஆச்சரியத் டன் என் ன உங் கக் எத பக் க ெதரியாதா? எதப் பக் கத் ெதரியாமேல இவ் வளவ பணம் சம்பாதித் இக் கிறரீ் கேள இன் ம் எத பக் க ெதரிந் திந் தால் என் ன ெசய் திப் பரீ் கள் என் ெசான் னார் . அவன் அைமதியாகச் ெசான் னான் எத பக் க ெதரிந் திந் தால் நான் மாதா ேகாவிலில் மணி அத் க் ெகாண் ப் ேபன் . இ உலகப் பகழ் ெபற் ற பிெரஞ் எத்தாளர் மாபாசான் அவர் கள் அவர் கைடய ஒ சிகைத. இந் த கைத உணர் த் ம் உண் ைம தனக் மாதா ேகாயிலில் மணி அக் ம் ேவைல ேபாய் விட் டேத என் மனம் ைலந் ேபாகாமல் அவன் உதியடன் அத்த கட்ட ேவைலயில் ஆர்வத்டன் இறங் கிய. சாதிக் க ேவண் ம் என் ற எண் ணம் யாக் த் தான் இல் ைல. சாதைனக் கான ஆதார சக் தி உங் கக் ள் ேள எங் ேகா ஒ ைலயில் உைறந் கிடக் கிற. அைத ண் விட் எழச் ெசய் தால் நீங் கள் எதிர் பார் த் திராத அர உயரத் திற் உங் கைள ெகாண் ெசல் ம் என் பேத நிதர் சனம். A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 34

Indian History Awareness and Research (IHAR): Together We Can Make a Difference Aakash The Indic civilization has been under assault for several centuries now, in a violent debilitating process that has led to the loss of knowledge, severe restrictions on the civilization, and an impoverishment of mind and body. Today we see intensified assaults on the Indic civilization from all sides - media, academia, government, judicial, missionaries, naxals, commies, leftists, deracinated natives, and foreign bodies. The common link and driver in all these bodies is the upholding of an unchallenged bigoted narrative on the Indic civilization. Distortions, biases, misrepresentations, omissions, demonization, criminalization and outright destruction of the Indic narrative by the above has led to widespread internalization of a jaundiced, Hindu phobic view of the Indic civilization, leading to a total loss of identity. Do you value the works by Indian History Awareness and Research (IHAR) in bringing a strong, factual evidence-based narration of the Indic civilization, and seeking to reverse centuries of distortions? IHAR conducts schoolteacher workshops each year. Members of IHAR write well-researched conference papers, books and articles. Our public outreach talks and videos reach several thousands each year in several cities in India and USA. We propose to scale up our efforts in conducting more workshops and conferences, seeking textbook reviews in more states, to write books and to have more outreach events. For all this, we need your valuable support. Now is your chance to show that you care. Please show your strong support for the Indic narrative by funding IHAR. Let us reclaim ownership of our intellectual space, and the narrative of our civilization. Help us to inform, empower, and to describe a strong Indic identity. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 35

Jayankondam, Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India: Gangaikonda Cholapuram Midhun Gangaikonda Cholapuram is a village located near to Jayankondam, Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Gangaikonda Cholapuram was the capital built by Rajendra Chola to mark his victory over his northern neighbors. His generals brought water from the Ganges (to symbolize the territories subdued) and mixed it in a lake at Gangaikonda Cholapuram and thus the name Gangaikonda which literally means the bringer of the Ganges. Gangaikonda Cholapuram was the capital built by Rajendra Chola to mark his victory over his northern neighbors. His generals brought water from the Ganges (to symbolize the territories subdued) and mixed it in a lake at Gangaikonda Cholapuram and thus the name Gangaikonda which literally means the bringer of the Ganges. Such titles, the establishment of the capital and the magnificent temple were to publicize the Samantachakra of the Cholas and consequently their status and grandeur. The only remaining building that indicates the magnificence of the Cholas at this time is the temple then known as Gangaikonda Cholisvaram and now synonymous with the capital and so called Gangaikonda Cholapuram by most people. Similar in design to Rajarajeshwara/Brihadeshwara temple at Tanjore this temple too has a main shrine dedicated to Shiva and subsidiary shrines in a huge enclosed courtyard. A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 36

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Owned, Published & Printed by INDIRA SRIVATSA, Printed at SRI AATHI LAKSHMI GRAPHICS, 14/33, Sivan Koil Cross Street, Kodambakkam, Chennai - 600024 & Published from E 002, Premier Grihalakshmi Apartments, Elango Nagar South, Virugambakkam, Chennai - 600092. EDITOR: INDIRA SRIVATSA A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 38

் -> உஙகைடய பைடபபகைள ் ் அபபேவணய ் ் மனனஞ் சல கவரி: ் [email protected] A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 39

A TO Z INDIA ENGLISH & TAMIL MONTHLY MAGAZINE REG. WITH REGISTRAR OF NEWSPAPERS FOR INDIA UNDER NUMBER TNBIL/2017/75531 R. DIS NO. 757/2017 ROC NUMBER L-105291/2021 The festival of Meenakshi Thirukalyanam celebrates the divine wedding of Meenakshi Amman with Lord Shiva. On this day, devotees flock to the Meenakshi Madurai temple. MEENAKSHI THIRUKALYANAM 1ST MAY 2023 MEENAKSHI THIRUKALYANAM 1ST MAY 2023 A TO Z INDIA ● MAY 2023 ● PAGE 40