Decolonizing the mind means Cross has been concerned with racial/ethnic identity theory estern thought and science on deconstructing the thoughts, preferences STEP ONE: fects of W and values that derive from a colonial way and the negative ef Americans, specifically the need for of thinking. This is a process that inevitably DECOLONIZING THE INDIVIDUAL ARTIST. the psychology of Black leads to more fundamental questions. “psychological liberation under conditions of oppression.” - Decolonization once viewed as the formal How I see, how I think, how can I create, process of handing over the instruments of What are my influences? The purpose of this literature review is to discuss the stag government, is now recognized as a long- Who are you? es of Black identity development among Black students in Who are you talking to? higher education attending predominantly White institutions term process involving the ferent stages of nigrescence, bureaucratic, cultural, linguistic and Why can’t you hear each other? (PWIs). I also explore the dif psychological divesting of colonial power. As an artist who you are is your superpower. which is the process of becoming black (cross, 1991). How to harness your superpower. Indigenization Make indigenous; subject to Do we need to do the work for white people too? Research on Black identity development is critical for student fairs professionals because it can serve as a foundation af - , com native influence. ferent developmental processes that to help understand dif - A look at the colonised mind Black students may experience in college. Ultimately 1. Filled with shame petency in Nigrescence can help influence how student af fairs professionals help support Black students as they learn 2. Invalidates our African experience Addi- to navigate their racial identity in college. referred to it as “an identity change process as a 3. Is unable to see what is around us fairs professionals can help Negro-to-Black conversion experience, the kind WILLIAM E CROSS JR. AND NIGRESENCE. , student af forts made by 4. Has a double consciousness tionally of process that could be seen in Black behavior 5. Creativity is compromised and this aid in persistence and retention ef during the Harlem Renaissance” (Cross, 1991, p. leads to bad art because of a desire to colleges. 189). Cross (1991) re-considered the theory as copy from the west. William E. Cross Jr. (born 1940) is a theorist and a resocializing experience, one that transforms a 6. Sees the world through the white lens researcher in the field of ethnic identity William Cross developed Nigrescence theory preexisting identity (e.g., non-Afrocentric identity) , development, specifically Black identity andiver 7. Salman Rushdie’s wrote rubbish as he in 1971, a theory considered the seminal Black to one that is was becoming a writer because he did development. He is best known for his racial identity development model (V Afrocentric. nigrescence model, first detailed in a 1971 orrell & Fhagen-Smith, 2002). When not know that he was a person of two Cross, W THE ORIGINAL FIVE ST identities. publication, and his book, Shades of Black, Cross wrote about Nigrescence in 1971, he NIGRESENCE AGES OF published in 1991. Cross’s nigrescence model expanded upon the work of Black psychologists Stage 1 Pre-encounter: depicts the identity to be who came before him, and created an important changed; foundation for racial/ethnic identity psychology. Stage 2 Encounter: isolates the point at which the It has proved a framework for both individual and person feels compelled to change; collective social change. Throughout his career, 50nd3k4 28 50nd3k4 29 50nd3k4 28 50nd3k4 29