THE GETTY RESEARCH INSTITUTE PUBLICATIONS PROGRAM Thomas Crow, Director., Getty Research Institute Gail Feigenbaum, Associate Director, Programs Julia Bloomfield, Head, Publications Program TEXTS & DOCUMENTS Jeffrey M. Hurwit, Jacqueline Lichtenstein, Alex Potts, and Mimi Hall Yiengpruksawan, Publications Committee Original cloth edition © 1991 Yale University © 2005 J. Paul Getty Trust Getty Publications 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 500 Los Angeles, California 90049-1682 w w w. getty. edu Christopher Hudson, Publisher Mark Greenberg, Editor in Chief Pamela Heath, Production Coordinator Mollie Holtman, Project Manager Original design by Richard Hendel Set in Linotype Walbaum type by G & S Typesetters Printed in China by Everbest Printing Co., Ltd. Cover: Edouard Manet (French, 1832-1883), Nana (detail), 1877. Courtesy the Kunsthalle, Hamburg. Library of Congress Control Number: 2003108454 ISBN 0-89236-729-6 Please see page xivfor updated photographic credit lines for the 2003 edition.