11 RAPHAEL (Raffaello Sanzio) Italian, 1483­1520 Saint Paul Rending His Garments Metalpoint heightened with white bodycolor, on pale violet­gray prepared paper 23 x 10.3 cm (91/6 x 41/16 in.) Cat. I, no. 39; 84.GG.919 This drawing is a study for the figure of Saint Paul in the cartoon of the Sacrifice at Lystra, one of seven surviving cartoons representing scenes from the lives of Saints Peter and Paul, now in the Victoria & Albert Museum, London. Cartoons are full­sized drawings made at the end of the preparatory process to transfer the outlines of the composition onto the surface to be woven or painted, either by pricking through the outlines or by indenting them with a stylus (this latter method being possible only for the transfer to a surface harder than linen). Pope Leo X had commissioned Raphael to make the cartoons for a series of ten tapestries to decorate the lower walls of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. The tapestries were woven from the back, so the design of the cartoons is the reverse of the final result. The figure in this drawing thus appears in the opposite direction in the tapestry in the Vatican. Saint Paul tore his garments in anger at the people of Lystra, who, following his healing of a crippled man, prepared a sacrifice to him and Saint Barnabas, thinking that they were Mercury and Jupiter come down to earth as men. When the priest of Jupiter brought oxen and garlands for sacrifice, the apostles "rent their clothes, and ran in among the people, crying out" (Acts, 14:14). ITALIAN SCHOOL 19