Introduction 18 III. General Structure of the Manual The Manual aims to assist the local engineering oiffces in the delivery of local road management functions. It is in this context that this Manual is structured as follows: Chapter 1 – Introduction. This chapter introduces the objectives, rationale and structure of the Manual and a brief overview of the road inventory in the Philippines; Chapter 2 – Local Road Administration. This chapter discusses the basic administrative functions of LGUs for local roads within its administrative jurisdictions; Chapter 3 – Local Road Planning. This chapter discussed planning and programming process for local roads within the context of the over-all local road network. This chapter also deals with the programming and budgeting of local roads; Chapter 4 – Local Road Surface Treatment Options. This chapter explains the basic principles of local road management and appropriate surface treatment interventions for local roads given normal conditions. Annexes to this chapter details reference guidelines for local road with gravel, asphalt and concrete pavements; Chapter 5 – Local Road Quantity Calculation and Cost Estimation. This chapter aims to improve the preparation of the program of work being prepared by the local engineering oiffces. This should lead to a more realistic and accurate contract cost for road projects; Chapter 6 – Local Road Construction Management. This chapter discusses the standard practices for construction supervision and contract management roles of local engineering oiffces for typical road projects; Chapter 7 – Local Road Maintenance Management. Road maintenance is an important asset preservation function of the local engineering oiffces. This chapter details road maintenance activities that the local engineering oiffces should undertake to preserve their road assets; and