Local Road Management Manual 205 appropriate, on a case-by-case basis, some or all of the following activities: a. Pavement Maintenance • Pavement patching and repair (including repair of potholes and crack sealing); • Spot re-gravelling & reshaping on unpaved roads; and • Grading in unpaved roads. b. Re-gravelling • Replacement of surface course and base course, if necessary on a gravel road. c. Bridge & Structure Maintenance • Repairs of hand rails; • Replacement of damaged or deteriorated structural members; • Replacement of timber decks; • Epoxy sealing of cracks in concrete decks; • Change of bearing plates, additions of shear plates or cable restrainers; • Sand blasting and painting of structural members; • Repair of retaining walls; • Foundation protection; • Stream clearing and debris removal to maintain water courses under bridges; and • Hire charges for a Bailey or other bridging. d. Shoulder Maintenance Normal care and attention of the road shoulder to maintain support to the carriageway and safety standards; • Removal of obstruction/ encroachment; and • Resurfacing of gravel shoulder is included. e. Drainage Maintenance • Routine maintenance and repair of side ditches and subsoil drainage; • Stream clearing and debris removal to maintain water courses through culvert; and • Renewal or installation of culverts with a diameter less than or equal to 600mm.