Local Road Management Manual 218 Table 7.6 Penetration Patching Bituminous Pavements Purpose To provide smooth, well-drained surfaces. This activity is not suitable for repairing hazardous conditions, since lack of mobility prevents quick response. Procedure 1. Remove standing water, if any, from the defects. 2. Shape defects so that; (a) depth provides for sufficient strength; (b) sides are vertical; (c) corners are squared or slightly rounded; (d) sides have no abrupt changes in line; and (e) hole is cut back. 3. Add base material if needed. 4. Place aggregate in layers and compact each layer. 5. Penetrate final layer with asphalt. Avoid using too much asphalt. 6. Apply cover sand and compact. Final layer should be flushed with surrounding surface. 7. Dig channels through shoulders, if needed, to allow water to drain. 8. Check cross section, profile and drainage. Rework if needed. 9. Notes • Penetration macadam is suitable for regions without asphalt plant. • After placing and spreading macadam aggregate, oversize and slender or flat aggregate should be removed. • Bituminous material should be spread uniformly so as to penetrate sufficiently and cover aggregate. • Seal coat surfaces to keep water tightness.