Local Road Management Manual 448 All excavations, plant or items of potential danger to the public should be barricaded and signposted to the satisfaction, and sufficient watchmen to ensure the safety of the public at all times should be provided. All existing pedestrian routes should be maintained in a safe condition unless an alternative route is provided. Public safety during normal road operations The LGUs should ensure that the interests and safety of the public are properly considered during normal operations. It should therefore ensure that projects are operated in a safe manner, public warning signs are used on all work projects, as appropriate and safety regulations are enforced. Guard rail There is a need to be selective in choosing appropriate sites or location for installing guardrails. It should only be used on areas that: a. are prone to landslides b. have steep slopes c. have curves on ravine d. have roads that are very narrow e. have bridge approaches. Road Signs To facilitate the passage of traffic in “all-weather” conditions and concurrently offering maximum road safety, it is essential that the road is provided with adequate warning signs in steep slopes, areas prone to landslides and other dangerous zones. The DPWH (2004) describes the classification of signs and prescribes the standard application, design, shape, color, letter size selection, use of symbols, use of Filipino worded signs, uniformity of location, longitudinal placement, lateral placement and height, finishes that reflect light, installation and maintenance. The DPWH provides guidance on the design and installation of standard signs on all roads throughout the Philippines, including those under the care and management of LGUs. A standard system on the design and placement of road signs should be in conformance with the five (5) basic requirements: a. fulfill a need b. command attention c. convey a clear, simple message d. command respect e. give adequate time for proper response. As signs are essential part of the road traffic system, the message should