integrity in each institution. In Colombia, the challenge over the past few years has been that of correcting distortions that can undermine the administrative career stream, such as regularizing the situation of temporary staff on the basis of competitive public procurement procedures. Nevertheless, there has also been changes both during the pandemic and because of it. In Brazil, the CGU started focusing on the vulnerability of the government procurement system, taking the crisis as an example. This institution started reflecting upon the lessons learned from the emergency, and as a result of said reflection, it is scheduling, for the year 2021, a risk-based planning exercise and support to a government agency to tackle the challenge of ethical leadership in public administration. It is the Ministry of Agriculture that has been identified as the government institution with a broad outreach that is to be supported in establishing a culture of ethics. In Costa Rica, since 2018 a change has occurred in the public discussion, and a dialogue has started on the subject of government employment and its challenges. At the end of 2019, the government convened a range of stakeholders to draw up a transparency and anti- corruption strategy, which has led to a national integrity and corruption prevention plan which shall be released in the first quarter of 2021. In these cases, the pandemic has been an additional factor for reflection on, and further development of, integrity policies in the civil service. As for training, the pandemic prevented institutions in charge from conducting traditional training activities and required them to change their strategies and use digital tools. After a short period of learning, public institutions of most of the six countries consulted were able to reach wide nominal range of trained staff and have exceeded many times over the targets that had been set. But it should also be observed that coverage data continue to be insufficient, bearing in mind the universe of staff who should be trained and the growing challenge of ethical leadership over the course of a pandemic. Cultivating a culture of integrity in the civil service in times of crisis 29